动物实验室规划
根据实验动物微生物控制标准，可将实验动物分为四级：
一级：普通动物(CV)，是指微生物不受特殊控制的一般动物。要求排除人兽共患病的病原体和极少数的实验动物烈性传染病的病原体。为防止传染病，在实验动物饲养和繁殖时，要采取一定的措施，应保证其用于测试的结果具有反应的重现性(即无论不同的操作人员，在不同的时间，用同一品系的动物按规定的实验规程所做的实验，都能获得几乎相同的结果】。
二级：清洁动物(CL)，要求排除人兽共患及动物主要传染病的病原体。
三级：无特殊病原体幼物(SPF)，要求到二级外，还要排除一些规定的病原体。其除菌与灭菌的方法，可使用高效空气过滤器除菌法：紫外线线灭菌法、三甘醉蒸气喷雾法及氯化锂水溶液喷雾法。
四级：无菌动物(GF)或悉生动物(GN)。无菌动物要求不带有任何用现有方法可检出的微生物。悉生动物要求在无菌动物体上植入一种或数种已知的微生物。
无菌、已知菌以及无特殊病原体动物都需要在无菌或尽可能无菌的环境里饲养，这种环境，目前国际上通用称为屏障环境，即用一道屏陳把动物与周困污染的环境隔开。
隔离系统
是在带有操作手套的容器中饲养动物的系统，用于饲养无菌动物和栖生动物。内部保持按微生物要求的100级的洁净度，但其设置的房间及操作人员不必按无菌室考虑。
屏障系统
把1000~10000级左右的无菌洁净室作为饲养室，主要用于无特殊病原体动物的长期饲养和繁殖，入室旅行严格管理，如沐浴、换贴身衣服等。
半屏障系统
放宽对屏障系统中人及物出入房间时的管理，平面组成大致与屏障系统相同。
层流架系统
笼具放在洁净的水平层流空气中。常用于小规模饲养，但在一般房间进行饲养、操作和处理时有被污染的危险性。可用于半屏障的补充。
开放系统
是对人、物、空气等进出房间均不施行消除污染的系统，但通常要进行某种程度的清洁管理。
动物房设计的基本要求
(1) 选址：偏僻、卫生。(2) 布置：分为准备区、饲养区、实验区。要求人流、物流、动物流分开(单向流程);要求净化、
灭菌、防虫(3) 建筑：要求有洁净走廊，饲养室，污染走廊以及其他各室。(4) 空调系统：有可控制的温度和湿度、气流速度和分布。有一定的换气量和气压。(5) 照明：无窗动物房使用荧光灯，有窗动物房可安装玻璃窗，以滤去紫外线。要求12h亮12h暗(6) 供水：有饮用水和精制水。
动物房的设置
根据不同种类和不同级别实验动物的需要，建立相应设施的动物房、活动场所和相应的辅助用房。场址应选在能保持安静、清洁、无不良外界影响的地方。
动物房必须光线充足、通风良好、地面整洁，不积水：顶拥、墙壁要易于清洁、消毒：外墙、屋顶、顶棚、门窗及通外面的管道等必须杜绝外界动物、蚊蝇及其它虫害钻入。室内温度控制在18〜29℃，相对湿度40%〜70%，噪音60dB以内。
笼内动物密度不能太大，要有送风、排风、降温及保暖设备。必须有专用的排污、排水设施，防止病原扩散。各种笼具要定期清洗消毒，垫料须经高温高压或药物消毒并及时更换，使室内氨浓度在15mg/m3以下。
According to the standards for the control of microorganisms in laboratory animals, laboratory animals can be divided into four levels: Level 1: Normal Animal CV, which refers to the ordinary animals without special control of microorganisms. Zoonosis asked to rule out pathogens and, in a very small number of laboratory animals, pathogens of highly contagious diseases. In order to prevent infectious diseases, certain measures should be taken in the rearing and breeding of experimental animals It is important to ensure the reproducibility of the results to be used for testing, i.e. almost the same results can be obtained at different times and with the same strain of animals in accordance with the prescribed protocol) . Level 2: Clean Animal Cl, requires the exclusion of zoonoses and the main animal infectious diseases pathogens. Level 3: NO SPECIFIC PATHOGEN LARVAE SPF, requires to Level 2, but also rules out a number of pathogens. The methods of sterilization and sterilization can be carried out by high efficiency air filter: Ultraviolet Ray Sterilization, triglycine vapor spray and lithium chloride solution spray. Grade 4: Sterile animal GF or spermatogenic animal GN. Sterile animals are required to be free of any microorganisms that can be detected by existing methods. A familiar animal requires the implantation of one or more known microorganisms on a sterile animal. Bacteria-free, known bacteria-free and pathogen-free animals need to be raised in a sterile or as sterile environment as possible. This environment is now known internationally as a barrier environment, that is to say, a screen is used to separate the animal from the surrounding pollution. An isolation system is a system for keeping animals in a container with operating gloves for sterile and resident animals. The interior maintains a level 100 cleanliness required by the microorganisms, but the rooms and operators do not have to be considered as sterile rooms. The barrier system uses sterile clean rooms of about 1000 ~ 10000 levels as feeding rooms, which are mainly used for long-term feeding and breeding of animals without special pathogens. Semi-barrier system, relaxation of the barrier system when people and things in and out of the room management, the plane composition is roughly the same as the barrier system. Laminar flow rack system, cage placed in Clean Horizontal Laminar Air. Often used in small-scale breeding, but in the general room for breeding, operation and treatment of the risk of contamination. Can Be used to supplement the half-barrier. An open system is a system in which people, objects, air, etc. are not decontaminated, but some degree of cleaning management is usually required. Basic requirements for Animal House Design 1 Site Selection: Remote, sanitary. 2 Layout: divided into preparation area, feeding area, experimental area. The requirement of human flow, logistics, Animal Flow Separate one-way flow; requirements of purification, sterilization, pest control 3 buildings: requirements of clean corridors, breeding rooms, pollution corridors and other rooms. 4 Air Conditioning System: with controllable temperature and humidity, airflow speed and distribution. There's a certain amount of ventilation and pressure. 5 Lighting: Windowless Animal Room uses fluorescent lamp, windowless animal room can install glass window, in order to filter ultraviolet ray. 12h bright 12h dark 6 water supply: Drinking Water and refined water. According to the needs of different kinds and different levels of experimental animals, the animal houses, activity places and auxiliary houses of corresponding facilities are established. The site should be located where it is quiet, clean and free from adverse external influences. The Animal House must be well-lit, well-ventilated, the ground clean and free of water. The walls should be easily cleaned and disinfected. The external walls, roofs, ceilings, doors and windows and the pipes leading to the outside must be kept away from outside animals, mosquitoes, flies and other pests. Indoor temperature control at 18 ° 29 °C, relative humidity 40% ° 70% , noise within 60 DB. Cage animal density can not be too large, to have air supply, ventilation, cooling and heating equipment. There must be special facilities for sewage discharge and drainage to prevent the spread of pathogens. All kinds of cages should be cleaned and disinfected regularly, the bedding material should be sterilized by high temperature and high pressure or medicine and replaced in time, so that the indoor ammonia concentration is below 15mg / M3.
